Yep aftermarket cat, the bolt is being used as a blank as the aftermarket downpipes don't come with the blank installed. You can buy proper lambda bungs of you want to make it a bit tidier. As Mark says the lambda is further up, roughly on the underside of the downpipe in your first photo.
From the photos the exhaust system looks fine (you asked me on ebay for an exhaust system, I don't have one but it looks like you don't need one).
The last part is the heater control valve for the A/C cars, why has it been bypassed? Are you getting permanent hot or cold air? Potentially the heater matrix is leaking and so it has been bypassed.
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